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LL-37
LL-37

LL-37

LL-37 is an endogenous human cathelicidin-derived peptide studied for its dual antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Research indicates LL-37 may interact with the innate immune system and support processes related to tissue integrity and regeneration.
(Not FDA-approved for any medical condition.)

Mechanism of Action (Research Findings)

  • Membrane Interaction (In Vitro): LL-37 has been shown in laboratory models to disrupt microbial membranes and biofilms, contributing to its antimicrobial profile in controlled settings.
  • Immunomodulation: Research suggests LL-37 may influence aspects of the innate immune response by helping regulate cytokine activity and inflammatory signaling.
  • Tissue Remodeling Pathways: Studies show LL-37 may play a role in signaling pathways that support angiogenesis, leukocyte recruitment, and keratinocyte proliferation.
  • Topical Application (Experimental): In research settings, LL-37 is often evaluated topically after reconstitution for dose-dependent biological activity in tissue models.

Clinical References

  1. Grönberg, A., et al. (2014). Treatment with LL-37 in hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: randomized clinical trial. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 22(5), 613–621.
  2. Mahlapuu, M., et al. (2021). Evaluation of LL-37 in healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: multicenter randomized trial. Journal of Wound Care, 29(6), 349–350.
  3. Miranda, R., et al. (2023). Effectiveness of LL-37 in diabetic foot ulcer models. Archives of Dermatological Research, 315, 2623–2633.
  4. Dübel, A., & van Hove, M.L. (2013). Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 as a potential candidate for polymeric medical devices. Frontiers in Immunology, 4, 143.
  5. Yang, X., et al. (2020). Chitosan hydrogel delivering LL-37 promotes tissue repair in murine models. Military Medical Research, 7, 20.

*All findings below are experimental, in vitro, animal, or early-phase clinical research. Not intended as treatment claims

  • Wound-Healing Research: Early-phase studies report that LL-37 may support granulation tissue formation, epithelial remodeling, and wound-closure processes in chronic or slow-healing tissue models.
  • Foot Ulcer Research (Exploratory): Pilot studies in diabetic wound models suggest LL-37 may contribute to improved tissue quality and closure rates.
(Not an approved therapy for diabetic ulcers.)
  • Antimicrobial Activity (Laboratory Data Only): In vitro testing shows LL-37 exhibits broad antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and may help limit biofilm persistence.
(Not an approved antibiotic.)
  • Anti-Inflammatory Signaling (Preclinical): Research indicates LL-37 may modulate excessive inflammatory signaling at wound sites through innate immune pathways.
  • Angiogenesis & Tissue Support: Studies show LL-37 may stimulate new blood-vessel formation and keratinocyte migration, both of which are components of healthy tissue repair in model systems.
  • Refractory Wounds (Investigational): Some trials involving large or hard-to-resolve wounds suggest LL-37 may show promise in supporting tissue regeneration.
(No FDA-approved indication.)
  • Safety Profile (Early Human Data): Phase I/II research reports LL-37 was generally well-tolerated at evaluated doses, with no significant systemic adverse effects observed in those studies.

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