Oxytocin is a nonapeptide neurohormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. While classically known for its roles in reproduction, it functions broadly as a multifunctional neuropeptide across the central nervous system and periphery.

Mechanism of Action

• Binds oxytocin receptors (OXTR), G-protein coupled receptors distributed throughout the brain, uterus, mammary glands, and other tissues.
• Modulates social behavior, stress responses, pain perception, and metabolic pathways.
• Exhibits positive feedback loops in reproductive processes (e.g., labor contractions, lactation).

Administration Routes

• Intranasal – commonly used in research for CNS effects due to blood-brain barrier penetration.

Intravenous, intrathecal, subcutaneous – used clinically for labor induction and lactation support.