Pinealon

Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) is a synthetic tripeptide (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine) that functions as a peptide bioregulator. Unlike many peptides, Pinealon can cross cellular and nuclear membranes and interact directly with DNA to modulate gene expression. This enables targeted regulation of genes involved in neuroprotection, cellular repair, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis.

  • Neuroprotection: Reduces ROS accumulation and cell death under hypoxic conditions (Arutjunyan et al., 2012)
  • Cognitive Function: Improves spatial learning, memory retention, and working memory (Meshchaninov et al., 2015)
  • Cellular Resistance: Enhances survival and reduces excitotoxicity during oxygen deprivation
  • Apoptosis Modulation: Lowers caspase-3 expression, decreasing programmed cell death
  • Circadian Rhythm Support: Stabilizes sleep-wake cycles
  • Telomere Protection: Increases irisin expression, correlating with longer telomeres
  • Anti-inflammatory: Reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • Serotonin Synthesis: Increases tryptophan hydroxylase in brain cells
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Support: Improves cognitive performance post-TBI
  1. Arutjunyan, A., et al. (2012). Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 5(2), 179–185. PMCID: PMC3342713.
  2. Meshchaninov, V.N., et al. (2015). Effect of synthetic peptides on aging of patients with chronic polymorbidity and organic brain syndrome of the CNS in remission. Advances in Gerontology, 28(1), 62–67. DOI: 10.1134/S2079057015010105
  3. Khavinson, V., et al. (2020). EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules, 26(1), 159. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010159
  4. Voicekhovskaya, M.A., et al. (2012). Effect of bioregulatory tripeptides on the culture of skin cells from young and old rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 152(3), 357–359. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1527-9
  5. Khavinson, V., et al. (2011). Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes. Rejuvenation Research, 14(5), 535–541. DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1172

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