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VIP
VIP

VIP

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring 28–amino-acid neuropeptide that interacts with VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. In scientific literature, VIP is discussed in relation to studies involving smooth-muscle physiology, immune signaling pathways, endocrine interactions, and vasodilatory mechanisms.

Mechanistic Pathways Discussed in Literature
VPAC1 / VPAC2 Receptor Signaling

  • Activation of GPCR pathways
  • Modulation of cAMP-dependent intracellular signaling
  • Regulation of vascular and smooth-muscle responses


Smooth-Muscle & Vascular System Research

  • Mechanistic models of vasodilation
  • Pulmonary artery signaling pathways
  • Studies on airway smooth-muscle relaxation


Immune & Inflammatory Signaling

  • Cytokine-related signaling pathways
  • Immune cell communication models
  • Investigations into neuroimmune interactions

Clinical References

  1. Domschke, S., et al. (1978). Gut, 19(11), 1049–1053.
  2. Leuchte, H.H., et al. (2008). European Respiratory Journal, 32(5), 1289–1294.
  3. Petkov, V., et al. (2003). Journal of Clinical Investigation, 111(9), 1339–1346.
  4. Youssef, J.G., et al. (2022). Critical Care Medicine, 50(11), 1545–1554.
  5. Sandhu, D., et al. (1999). International Journal of Impotence Research, 11(2), 91–97.
  • Receptor Activation Pathways: VIP’s activity at VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors is widely studied for its influence on intracellular cAMP signaling and G-protein–coupled receptor pathways.
  • Vascular Biology & Smooth-Muscle Physiology: Research explores VIP’s involvement in vascular relaxation mechanisms, pulmonary vasodilation pathways, and smooth-muscle responses in model systems.
  • Airway & Pulmonary Signaling: VIP is frequently examined in the context of respiratory smooth-muscle relaxation, airway responsiveness, and pulmonary cell signaling.
  • Immunomodulation Studies: Literature describes potential roles of VIP in cytokine modulation, inflammatory pathway signaling, and immune-cell communication.
  • Endocrine & Neurological Pathway Research: Scientific investigation includes VIP’s involvement in neuropeptide communication, hypothalamic–pituitary signaling, and autonomic regulation.

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